Case Processing Summary | ||||||
Cases | ||||||
Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
Q59h. Trust police * Democracy (dichotomous) | 47429 | 91.9% | 4158 | 8.1% | 51587 | 100.0% |
Q59h. Trust police * Democracy (dichotomous) Crosstabulation | |||||
Democracy (dichotomous) | Total | ||||
Not a Democracy | Democracy | ||||
Q59h. Trust police | Not at all | Count | 2143 | 8516 | 10659 |
% within Democracy (dichotomous) | 39.9% | 20.2% | 22.5% | ||
Just a little | Count | 1396 | 10588 | 11984 | |
% within Democracy (dichotomous) | 26.0% | 25.2% | 25.3% | ||
Somewhat | Count | 1074 | 11370 | 12444 | |
% within Democracy (dichotomous) | 20.0% | 27.0% | 26.2% | ||
A lot | Count | 756 | 11586 | 12342 | |
% within Democracy (dichotomous) | 14.1% | 27.5% | 26.0% | ||
Total | Count | 5369 | 42060 | 47429 | |
% within Democracy (dichotomous) | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Chi-Square Tests | |||
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 1242.165a | 3 | .000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 1173.593 | 3 | .000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 1125.520 | 1 | .000 |
N of Valid Cases | 47429 | ||
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1206.61. |
Symmetric Measures | |||
Value | Approx. Sig. | ||
Nominal by Nominal | Phi | .162 | .000 |
Cramer’s V | .162 | .000 | |
N of Valid Cases | 47429 |
In this scenario, we are comparing the relationship between citizens’ trust in the police and the question of whether respondents showed a sense of democracy or not. This analysis is said to be categorical in nature, since both variables are nominal, not interval or ratio. The Case Processing Summary (CPC) showed a total number of respondents to be 51587 with 8.1% missing or not applicable to the said analysis. The nominal percentage of cross-tabulation displays column percentages of the two variables. The unequal percentages between the dependent variables tells us that there is a relationship between the two variables (Laureate Education, 2016a). For example, 36.9% of respondents who are not democratic do not trust police at all. 20% of respondents who are democratic do not also trust police at all. Looking at the Chi-Square Tests, we can view the Pearson Chi-Square of 1242.165 with an associated P-value of 0.000. This value is well below the conventional threshold of P equal or less than 0.05. Therefore, we can reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the variables. The Cramer’s V of 0.162 is also showing a P-value of 0.000. A value of 0 indicates zero relationship, while a value of 1.0 indicates perfect relationship (Frankfort-Nachmias & Leon-Guerrero, 2015)). Therefore, our Cramer’s value of 0.162 indicated the present of relationship. It is important to understand that the works of the police is part of any democracy. Here in our resulted analysis, we can see that the implication is true. The implication is positive in the sense that police activities are designed or should be designed to protect the citizen’s lives and properties while minimizing casualties and enforcing democratic laws and orders of citizens (Criminal Justice USA, n.d.).